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GN15

GN14 & 15 Landscape

A1	0-10 cm	Dark brown (10YR3/3); fine sandy loam; massive; firm consistence dry; pH 4.8; abrupt change to:	GN15 Profile
A2	10-30 cm	Light yellowish brown (10YR6/4) conspicuously bleached (5Y8/1d); fine sandy loam; massive (forms a hard capping from 27-30cm); contains very few (<2%) quartz fragments; firm consistence dry; pH 5.7; abrupt and wavy change to:
Subsoil
B21	30-35 cm	Yellowish brown (10YR5/4) with yellowish brown (10YR5/8) mottles; medium clay; weakly structured; strong consistence dry; pH 5.6; clear change to:
B22	35-50 cm	Greyish brown (10YR5/2) with bright yellowish brown (10YR5/8) mottles; light clay (sandy); with few (5-10%) quartz fragments; strong consistence dry; pH 5.9; gradual change to:
B23	50-70 cm	Greyish brown (10YR5/2) with yellowish brown (10YR5/8) mottles; coarse sandy clay loam; indurated; strong consistence dry; with many (35%) quartz fragments (medium sized); gradual change to:
2A1	70-90 cm	Light grey (10YR7/2) with strong brown (7.5YR5/8) mottles; clayey sand (coarse); very firm consistence dry; abrupt change to:
2B2	90-105 cm	Light brownish grey (10YR6/2) with strong brown (7.5YR5/8) mottles; silty clay; strong medium polyhedral structure; contains very few (2%) quartz fragments; strong consistence dry; pH 6.7; abrupt change:
3A1	105+ cm	Pale brown (10YR6/3); coarse sandy clay loam.

• Hardsetting surface horizon.
• Strong texture contrast between surface (A) horizons and subsoil (B) horizons.
• Buried soil horizons occur.

• Plant Available Water Capacity is low (estimated at 76mm) for this profile - based on the laboratory data available. PAWC is limited by the individual subsoil which also becomes sodic with depth.

• The surface horizons have a very low overall nutrient status. However, total nitrogen and organic carbon levels appear satisfactory.
• The very strongly acid surface soil indicates that aluminium and manganese toxicity may occur. The exchangeable aluminium level measured in the laboratory is higher than for Site GN14 and may affect the growth of aluminium sensitive species such as barley, lucerne, medics, canola, phalaris and wheat. Raising the pH level of the surface soil will help reduce the toxicity. A lime test (sampled at the paddock level) may be appropriate to determine whether lime is needed to raise the pH. Deficiencies in molybdenum, calcium, magnesium and potassium may also restrict plant growth. These deficiencies may also be treated by adding lime.
• The conspicuously bleached A2 horizon suggests that periodic waterlogging occurs.
• The subsoil has a low wilting point (3.7%) which means that plants will be able to utilise light rains falling on relatively dry soil.

• The deeper subsoil (from 90 cm) is strongly sodic and dispersive (with a low calcium:magnesium ratio of 0.15) This is likely to restrict water and root movement in the deeper subsoil.
• The subsoil horizons have a low overall nutrient status. The calcium:magnesium ratio is low for the entire subsoil which may cause calcium deficiency and lead to soil structural problems.

• Typical soil in area.
• Oats and phalaris cropped 20, but now used for pasture.
• Saline at depth.
• 12m to water table (some perched water tables in area).
• Low recharge area.

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